{"id":30306,"date":"2021-07-01T12:44:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T12:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/?p=30306"},"modified":"2021-07-01T12:44:10","modified_gmt":"2021-07-01T12:44:10","slug":"the-use-of-literature-in-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2021\/07\/01\/the-use-of-literature-in-research\/","title":{"rendered":"The use of literature in research"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><p>The use of literature in research<br \/>\nPlease Note: in some circumstances your supervisor may guide you to present your work differently with regard to the reviewing of literature and the analysis of data in your work. As long as these variations are clear, logical and well justified in your work and supported by your supervisor they may enhance the reporting of your research activity. However, if this degree of freedom presents confusion and leads to unclear work you will risk penalties against the marking criteria.<\/p>\n<p>Titles and sub-titles<br \/>\nAll other areas of the dissertation are to be structured as set out below: i.e. title page, abstract, acknowledgements, contents page, introduction, methods, conclusion, references, and appendices.<\/p>\n<p>Under guidance, context specific subtitles within main sections are encouraged which may help to emphasize the individual nature of your research.<\/p>\n<p>Cover page and Title page<br \/>\nCover page: Your name, the title of your dissertation, the year of study and university logo should appear centred on the outside front cover.<br \/>\nThe title page: The title page must contain:<br \/>\n\uf0a7 the title<br \/>\n\uf0a7 your name<br \/>\n\uf0a7 the full title of the degree programme for which the dissertation is being presented<br \/>\n\uf0a7 month and year of submission<br \/>\n\uf0a7 name of supervisor<br \/>\n\uf0a7 and final word count<\/p>\n<p>The following declaration must be inserted at the bottom of the title page and signed and dated:<br \/>\nThis dissertation is an original and authentic piece of work produced in fulfilment of my degree regulations. I have fully acknowledged and referenced all secondary sources. I have read and understood the Academic Regulations and I am fully aware of any breach of them.<\/p>\n<p>GERERAL NOTES<\/p>\n<p>NB: With agreement from your supervisor, general headings\/subtitles may be adapted to provide focus about the research, to personalise and tailor reporting of content and show individual flair\/innovation in research.<\/p>\n<p>Abstract<br \/>\nAn abstract is a synopsis of the dissertation and should be no more than 150 words in length. It is a summary of what the reader can expect in the dissertation including the rationale for the research, aims of the research, methods used, key findings and the conclusions. The abstract should provide a succinct overview of what the findings of the study are rather than what it intends to find; it is not an introduction. It should not be presented as a series of bullet points.<\/p>\n<p>Acknowledgements<br \/>\nIf acknowledgements are appropriate, they should appear on a separate sheet following the abstract and preceding the contents page. They should not identify persons or organisations that should be kept anonymous in the body of the dissertation.<\/p>\n<p>Contents page<br \/>\nThe contents page should be neatly laid out with appropriate spacing. It should list in sequential order the chapters of the dissertation with the respective page number. If applicable, a list of tables and figures should also be provided at the end of the contents list, identified by their sub-headings.<\/p>\n<p>Introduction<br \/>\nLead the reader through the study. It is a structural guide of what lies ahead. The introduction should set the scene for the research and its parameters, or limits. It should set out clear research aims and objectives and outline the structure of the dissertation by leading the reader through each section logically. It should provide background and context to the research areas and contain the research question or the hypothesis (as appropriate).<\/p>\n<p>Literature review<br \/>\nThis is what the section contains but may not necessarily be the title of the chapter in your report. Although the heading \u2018Literature Review\u2019 is often used, you may wish to use an alternative sub-title that reflects the broad area of literature reviewed e.g. \u2018Sport, Gender and Socialisation\u2019. Whichever title you adopt, this chapter should follow the introduction and review critically the current and previous research relevant to your investigation.<br \/>\nThe critical review should identify what research has previously been done and assess the strengths, weaknesses and limitations of these studies. The weaknesses and limitations are particularly important as this provides further justification for your own research. The review should also focus on the relevant theories and concepts used in the studies, as they provide important context for your own research. This chapter needs to review critically rather than simply describe the relevant literature. Quotations may be useful here but keep these to a minimum as the examiners are more interested in your arguments about what others have said rather than in your ability to simply copy down what they said. Only include quotations when you have a clear rationale for doing so.<\/p>\n<p>Research methods<br \/>\nIt is essential to justify the research design and methods adopted using arguments from high quality research texts. You must explain your choice of research design and how it will enable you to meet the research aims and answer the research question. This is not simply a step-by-step description of what you did and neither is it a list of books and journals consulted or people interviewed. It is a critical analysis in the context of your project that provides a clear justification for the methods used and why these methods were the most appropriate for the empirical research undertaken. This chapter should consider problems in the research design and the limitations of the method(s) (you can gain marks for knowing where your study has weaknesses!) Every attempt should be made to keep actual research limitations to a minimum, but those that cannot be eliminated must be acknowledged in this section. Some integration of data may be appropriate at this point to illustrate how the research methods were used or critical issues arising from them.<\/p>\n<p>Results, analysis and discussion<br \/>\nThis chapter must display the research results and present an in-depth analysis of what the results mean in relation to the previous literature review. Some students choose to separate the presentation of the results from their analysis and discussion by using two separate chapters and this may be something you wish to discuss with your supervisor. Whether one or two chapters are used to manage the findings of the research and present a critical discussion about them is a personal decision, what matters is that both these elements are present in reporting. Tables and graphs used in the analysis should be embedded near the text that makes reference to them, not necessarily put into the Appendix.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion<br \/>\nThe conclusion reached should be based on the data and discussion presented and nothing new should be introduced at this stage. The conclusion might re-state the motivation behind the dissertation and offer some critical and summative views on the research aims, hypothesis or research question, indicating the degree to which they have been achieved. The principle aim of the conclusion is to draw all the threads together and highlight the wider implications of the research. Suggestions for further research can be made here too. Avoid description and duplication and avoid just summarising, there is little critical content in doing so, only descriptive.<\/p>\n<p>References<br \/>\nA reference list is not a bibliography. Call your reference list a reference. It should include full references to sources cited within the text of the dissertation. It should be one alphabetical list by surname of the principal author and should not be divided books, journals and websites. See Appendix F for referencing guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>Appendices<br \/>\nAn appendix should contain material that supports the dissertation but is too detailed to be included in the main text, such as a questionnaire used, evidence of primary data collected \u2013 transcripts, a scanned brochure page or a summary of a historical sequence of events. Appendices should be used to contain information that supports information in the main text\/argument.<\/p>\n<p>Appendices can\/should provide the evidence of your field research.They are an ACTIVE working area to show your handling and analysis of primary data. Reference to them should be made in the text e.g. (\u2018see appendix A\u2019) with some explanation to their significance or meaning. Full documents or whole web sites as reference must not be placed here. Always consult with your supervisor on the contents of appendices. Appendices are not included in the word count.<\/p>\n<p>PRESENTATION AND LAYOUT<br \/>\nIn order that your finished Dissertation meets Uclan research standards, please adhere to the following for presentation and layout:<\/p>\n<p>Font: Arial 11 pt<br \/>\nSpacing: 1.5 lines<br \/>\nMargins: 2.5 cm or 1 inch all round<br \/>\nAlignment: Justified<br \/>\nPage numbers: Centred at the bottom of the page<br \/>\nFooter: Student reference number only<br \/>\nTitle: Centred<br \/>\nAbstract: Arial 10pt<br \/>\nHeadings: In bold<br \/>\nReferences: As per the referencing guide<\/p>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>REFERENCING GUIDELINES<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Below are some guidelines to referencing literature and websites in the text and in your reference list. You should use the Harvard system outlined below making sure you are consistent and clear and provide all the information required for someone to find the source. Only citations that appear in your text should appear in your reference list at the end of your text. A reference list is a list of citations used in the text, it is NOT a bibliography. A bibliography is a list of suggested reading which is set out the same way as a reference list but may not appear in the text. You are given a bibliography in this MIP as suggested reading to support your learning as a research student. Do not give your supervisor a list of suggested reading, by using the title Bibliography.<br \/>\nThere is more information about referencing at:<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.uclan.ac.uk\/students\/study\/wiser\/assets\/School_of_Health_Referencing_Guide_2015_2016.pdf<\/p>\n<p>References and quotations in the text<br \/>\nQuotations and citation of all sources must be accurately represented using the Harvard system (name, date) in the text. Short quotes of less than 3 lines should be included in the sentence but in \u201cx\u201d quotation marks. For example:<\/p>\n<p>Within the interpretive paradigm, researchers adopting interactionist and cultural studies approaches to socialisation have explored not just when, where and how individuals become involved in sport, but, \u201cthe social construction of identity, the dynamics of participation decisions and the social meanings underlying sport participation\u201d (Horne, Tomlinson and Whannel, 1999:139).<\/p>\n<p>Lengthy quotations should be presented as a separate block of text, indented. The fact that the text is indented (press tab key) means that it is isolated as a quotation. Therefore the longer quotation does not need quotation marks. Note that the page number appears after the date when citing quotations. For example: Studies adopting such an approach view socialisation as:<\/p>\n<p>An active process of learning and social development, which occurs as we interact with one another and become acquainted with the social world in which we live. It involves the formation of ideas about who we are and what is important in our lives. We are not simply passive learners in the socialisation process. We actively participate in our own socialisation as we influence those who influence us (Coakley, 2001:82).<\/p>\n<p>When citing general websites in your text, you should always attempt to follow the name\/date format. You may put the owner\/organisation of the website and if there is not a date on the webpage itself, put the current year, e.g. (Paralympics GB, 2012) or (UCLan, 2012). Sometimes big institutions like the WTO or the government put reports online, usually with the author\u2019s name and the date it was written. Cite these as you would a journal article, with the author\u2019s name and the date, e.g. (Smith, 2000).<\/p>\n<p>Reference List<br \/>\nReference lists should be ordered alphabetically according the Surname of the author(s). You should include all the sources referenced within the text. Do not divide your reference list into books, journal articles and websites.<\/p>\n<p>a) When referencing books and book chapters<br \/>\nWrite the author\u2019s surname followed by their initial(s), date of publication in brackets, title in italics and the name of the publisher and their location. All this information can be found right at the beginning of the book, after the title page. E.g.:<\/p>\n<p>Jarvie, G. (2006) Sport, culture and society: an introduction. Routledge, London.<\/p>\n<p>If the reference is a chapter in a book, put the chapter author, date of publication and the chapter title followed by the page numbers of the chapter. Then put the authors\/editors of the book, its title in italics, the name of the publisher and their location. For example,<\/p>\n<p>Donnelly, P. (2000) Interpretive sociology (pp.77-91). In, Coakley, J. and Dunning, E. (Eds.) Handbook of sports studies. Sage, London.<\/p>\n<p>b) When referencing journal articles<br \/>\nWrite the author\u2019s surname followed by their initial(s), the date of publication in brackets, the name of the article, followed by the name of journal in italics, then the volume number, the issue number and the page numbers. For example,<\/p>\n<p>Metz, T. (2010) A dilemma regarding academic freedom and public accountability in Higher Education. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 44, 4, 529-549.<\/p>\n<p>c) When referencing websites<br \/>\ni) General websites<br \/>\n(NB: in the text use only (name, date) as per the normal Harvard system).<br \/>\nPut the owner and date in brackets (as above) and then the main title of the page in italics, so that the reader will know that they are on the right page or can find the appropriate link to it. Then put the URL and the date you accessed the site in square brackets.<\/p>\n<p>Natural History Museum (2007) Conferences and events: daytime conferences [online]. Available at: http:\/\/www.nhm.ac.uk\/business-centre\/conference-events\/flett\/flett.html (Accessed 25th April 2007).<\/p>\n<p>ii) Online documents<br \/>\nReference these as you would a journal article, only instead of the journal title and details, put the URL and date you accessed the site in square brackets.<\/p>\n<p>Cabinet Office (2002) Risk: improving government\u2019s capability to handle risk and uncertainty strategy unit report HMSO [online]. Available at: http:\/\/www.strategy.gov.uk\/2002\/risk\/report\/downloads\/su-risk.pdf (Accessed 13th March 2006).<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTyj99p60XCLyLk1htB7-1neRt8-2QdnenNlQ&usqp=CAU\"target=\"_http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"\/><\/center><p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The use of literature in research Please Note: in some circumstances your supervisor may guide you to present your work differently with regard to the reviewing of literature and the analysis of data in your work. As long as these variations are clear, logical and well justified in your work and supported by your supervisor&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The use of literature in research - onlineclassesguru<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The use of literature in research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2021\/07\/01\/the-use-of-literature-in-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The use of literature in research - 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