{"id":27239,"date":"2021-01-28T10:09:56","date_gmt":"2021-01-28T10:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/?p=27239"},"modified":"2021-01-28T10:09:56","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T10:09:56","slug":"watch-the-video-follow-along-with-the-transcript-if-you-have-trouble-1and-consider-how-it-is-important-to-be-able-to-separate-fact-from-fiction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2021\/01\/28\/watch-the-video-follow-along-with-the-transcript-if-you-have-trouble-1and-consider-how-it-is-important-to-be-able-to-separate-fact-from-fiction\/","title":{"rendered":"Watch the video ( follow along with the transcript if you have trouble) 1)And consider how it is important to be able to separate fact from fiction."},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><p>Watch the video ( follow along with the transcript if you have trouble) 1)And consider how it is important to be able to separate fact from fiction. 2)What are two ways that the speaker suggests that you can separate fact from fiction? 3)Why would it be important and practical to make these distinctions in your own regular lives? 4)How can you apply the speaker\u2019s ideas to your own lives?I\u2019ve been a journalist now since I was about 17, and it\u2019s an interesting industry to be in at the moment,because as you all know, there\u2019s a huge amount of upheaval going on in media, and most of you probably know this from the business angle, which is that the business model is pretty screwed, and as my grandfather would say, the profits have all been gobbled up by Google.0:31So it\u2019s a really interesting time to be a journalist, but the upheaval that I\u2019m interested in is not on the output side. It\u2019s on the input side. It\u2019s concern with how we get information and how we gather the news.And that\u2019s changed, because we\u2019ve had a huge shift in the balance of power from the news organizations to the audience. And the audience for such a long time was in a position where they didn\u2019t have any way of affecting news or making any change. They couldn\u2019t really connect. And that\u2019s changed irrevocably.0:58My first connection with the news media was in 1984, the BBC had a one-day strike. I wasn\u2019t happy. I was angry. I couldn\u2019t see my cartoons. So I wrote a letter. And it\u2019s a very effective way of ending your hate mail: \u201cLove Markham, Aged 4.\u201d Still works. I\u2019m not sure if I had any impact on the one-day strike,but what I do know is that it took them three weeks to get back to me. And that was the round journey. It took that long for anyone to have any impact and get some feedback. And that\u2019s changed now because, as journalists, we interact in real time. We\u2019re not in a position where the audience is reacting to news.We\u2019re reacting to the audience, and we\u2019re actually relying on them. They\u2019re helping us find the news. They\u2019re helping us figure out what is the best angle to take and what is the stuff that they want to hear.So it\u2019s a real-time thing. It\u2019s much quicker. It\u2019s happening on a constant basis, and the journalist is always playing catch up.1:55To give an example of how we rely on the audience, on the 5th of September in Costa Rica, an earthquake hit. It was a 7.6 magnitude. It was fairly big. And 60 seconds is the amount of time it took for it to travel 250 kilometers to Managua. So the ground shook in Managua 60 seconds after it hit the epicenter. Thirty seconds later, the first message went onto Twitter, and this was someone saying \u201ctemblor,\u201d which means earthquake. So 60 seconds was how long it took for the physical earthquake to travel. Thirty seconds later news of that earthquake had traveled all around the world, instantly. Everyone in the world, hypothetically, had the potential to know that an earthquake was happening in Managua.And that happened because this one person had a documentary instinct, which was to post a status update, which is what we all do now, so if something happens, we put our status update, or we post a photo, we post a video, and it all goes up into the cloud in a constant stream.2:50And what that means is just constant, huge volumes of data going up. It\u2019s actually staggering. When you look at the numbers, every minute there are 72 more hours of video on YouTube. So that\u2019s, every second, more than an hour of video gets uploaded. And in photos, Instagram, 58 photos are uploaded to Instagram a second. More than three and a half thousand photos go up onto Facebook. So by the time I\u2019m finished talking here, there\u2019ll be 864 more hours of video on Youtube than there were when I started,and two and a half million more photos on Facebook and Instagram than when I started.3:24So it\u2019s an interesting position to be in as a journalist, because we should have access to everything. Any event that happens anywhere in the world, I should be able to know about it pretty much instantaneously, as it happens, for free. And that goes for every single person in this room.3:41The only problem is, when you have that much information, you have to find the good stuff, and that can be incredibly difficult when you\u2019re dealing with those volumes. And nowhere was this brought home more than during Hurricane Sandy. So what you had in Hurricane Sandy was a superstorm, the likes of which we hadn\u2019t seen for a long time, hitting the iPhone capital of the universe \u0096 (Laughter) \u0096 and you got volumes of media like we\u2019d never seen before. And that meant that journalists had to deal with fakes, so we had to deal with old photos that were being reposted. We had to deal with composite images that were merging photos from previous storms. We had to deal with images from films like \u201cThe Day After Tomorrow.\u201d (Laughter) And we had to deal with images that were so realistic it was nearly difficult to tell if they were real at all. (Laughter)4:29But joking aside, there were images like this one from Instagram which was subjected to a grilling by journalists. They weren\u2019t really sure. It was filtered in Instagram. The lighting was questioned. Everything was questioned about it. And it turned out to be true. It was from Avenue C in downtown Manhattan, which was flooded. And the reason that they could tell that it was real was because they could get to the source, and in this case, these guys were New York food bloggers. They were well respected. They were known. So this one wasn\u2019t a debunk, it was actually something that they could prove. And that was the job of the journalist. It was filtering all this stuff. And you were, instead of going and finding the information and bringing it back to the reader, you were holding back the stuff that was potentially damaging.5:06And finding the source becomes more and more important \u0096 finding the good source \u0096 and Twitter is where most journalists now go. It\u2019s like the de facto real-time newswire, if you know how to use it, because there is so much on Twitter.5:19And a good example of how useful it can be but also how difficult was the Egyptian revolution in 2011. As a non-Arabic speaker, as someone who was looking from the outside, from Dublin, Twitter lists, and lists of good sources, people we could establish were credible, were really important. And how do you build a list like that from scratch? Well, it can be quite difficult, but you have to know what to look for. This visualization was done by an Italian academic. He\u2019s called Andr\u00e9 Pannison, and he basically took the Twitter conversation in Tahrir Square on the day that Hosni Mubarak would eventually resign, and the dots you can see are retweets, so when someone retweets a message, a connection is made between two dots, and the more times that message is retweeted by other people, the more you get to see these nodes, these connections being made. And it\u2019s an amazing way of visualizing the conversation, but what you get is hints at who is more interesting and who is worth investigating. And as the conversation grew and grew, it became more and more lively, and eventually you were left with this huge, big, rhythmic pointer of this conversation. You could find the nodes, though, and then you went, and you go, \u201cRight, I\u2019ve got to investigate these people. These are the ones that are obviously making sense. Let\u2019s see who they are.\u201d6:28Now in the deluge of information, this is where the real-time web gets really interesting for a journalist like myself, because we have more tools than ever to do that kind of investigation. And when you start digging into the sources, you can go further and further than you ever could before.6:44Sometimes you come across a piece of content that is so compelling, you want to use it, you\u2019re dying to use it, but you\u2019re not 100 percent sure if you can because you don\u2019t know if the source is credible. You don\u2019t know if it\u2019s a scrape. You don\u2019t know if it\u2019s a re-upload. And you have to do that investigative work.And this video, which I\u2019m going to let run through, was one we discovered a couple of weeks ago.7:04Video: Getting real windy in just a second.7:06(Rain and wind sounds)7:11(Explosion) Oh, shit!7:14Markham Nolan: Okay, so now if you\u2019re a news producer, this is something you\u2019d love to run with, because obviously, this is gold. You know? This is a fantastic reaction from someone, very genuine video that they\u2019ve shot in their back garden. But how do you find if this person, if it\u2019s true, if it\u2019s faked, or if it\u2019s something that\u2019s old and that\u2019s been reposted?7:31So we set about going to work on this video, and the only thing that we had to go on was the username on the YouTube account. There was only one video posted to that account, and the username was Rita Krill. And we didn\u2019t know if Rita existed or if it was a fake name. But we started looking, and we used free Internet tools to do so. The first one was called Spokeo, which allowed us to look for Rita Krills. So we looked all over the U.S. We found them in New York, we found them in Pennsylvania, Nevada and Florida. So we went and we looked for a second free Internet tool called Wolfram Alpha, and we checked the weather reports for the day in which this video had been uploaded, and when we went through all those various cities, we found that in Florida, there were thunderstorms and rain on the day. So we went to the white pages, and we found, we looked through the Rita Krills in the phonebook, and we looked through a couple of different addresses, and that took us to Google Maps, where we found a house. And we found a house with a swimming pool that looked remarkably like Rita\u2019s. So we went back to the video, and we had to look for clues that we could cross-reference. So if you look in the video, there\u2019s the big umbrella, there\u2019s a white lilo in the pool, there are some unusually rounded edges in the swimming pool, and there\u2019s two trees in the background. And we went back to Google Maps, and we looked a little bit closer, and sure enough, there\u2019s the white lilo, there are the two trees, there\u2019s the umbrella. It\u2019s actually folded in this photo. Little bit of trickery. And there are the rounded edges on the swimming pool.So we were able to call Rita, clear the video, make sure that it had been shot, and then our clients were delighted because they were able to run it without being worried.8:58Sometimes the search for truth, though, is a little bit less flippant, and it has much greater consequences.Syria has been really interesting for us, because obviously a lot of the time you\u2019re trying to debunk stuff that can be potentially war crime evidence, so this is where YouTube actually becomes the most important repository of information about what\u2019s going on in the world.9:20So this video, I\u2019m not going to show you the whole thing, because it\u2019s quite gruesome, but you\u2019ll hear some of the sounds. This is from Hama. Video: (Shouting) And what this video shows, when you watch the whole thing through, is bloody bodies being taken out of a pickup truck and thrown off a bridge. The allegations were that these guys were Muslim Brotherhood and they were throwing Syrian Army officers\u2019 bodies off the bridge, and they were cursing and using blasphemous language, and there were lots of counterclaims about who they were, and whether or not they were what the video said it was.9:53So we talked to some sources in Hama who we had been back and forth with on Twitter, and we asked them about this, and the bridge was interesting to us because it was something we could identify. Three different sources said three different things about the bridge. They said, one, the bridge doesn\u2019t exist.Another one said the bridge does exist, but it\u2019s not in Hama. It\u2019s somewhere else. And the third one said, \u201cI think the bridge does exist, but the dam upstream of the bridge was closed, so the river should actually have been dry, so this doesn\u2019t make sense.\u201d So that was the only one that gave us a clue. We looked through the video for other clues. We saw the distinctive railings, which we could use. We looked at the curbs. The curbs were throwing shadows south, so we could tell the bridge was running east-west across the river. It had black-and-white curbs. As we looked at the river itself, you could see there\u2019s a concrete stone on the west side. There\u2019s a cloud of blood. That\u2019s blood in the river. So the river is flowingsouth to north. That\u2019s what that tells me. And also, as you look away from the bridge, there\u2019s a divot on the left-hand side of the bank, and the river narrows.10:50So onto Google Maps we go, and we start looking through literally every single bridge. We go to the dam that we talked about, we start just literally going through every time that road crosses the river, crossing off the bridges that don\u2019t match. We\u2019re looking for one that crosses east-west. And we get to Hama. We get all the way from the dam to Hama and there\u2019s no bridge. So we go a bit further. We switch to the satellite view, and we find another bridge, and everything starts to line up. The bridge looks like it\u2019s crossing the river east to west. So this could be our bridge. And we zoom right in. We start to see that it\u2019s got a median, so it\u2019s a two-lane bridge. And it\u2019s got the black-and-white curbs that we saw in the video,and as we click through it, you can see someone\u2019s uploaded photos to go with the map, which is very handy, so we click into the photos. And the photos start showing us more detail that we can cross-reference with the video. The first thing that we see is we see black-and-white curbing, which is handy because we\u2019ve seen that before. We see the distinctive railing that we saw the guys throwing the bodies over. And we keep going through it until we\u2019re certain that this is our bridge.11:52So what does that tell me? I\u2019ve got to go back now to my three sources and look at what they told me:the one who said the bridge didn\u2019t exist, the one who said the bridge wasn\u2019t in Hama, and the one guy who said, \u201cYes, the bridge does exist, but I\u2019m not sure about the water levels.\u201d Number three is looking like the most truthful all of a sudden, and we\u2019ve been able to find that out using some free Internet toolssitting in a cubicle in an office in Dublin in the space of 20 minutes. And that\u2019s part of the joy of this. Although the web is running like a torrent, there\u2019s so much information there that it\u2019s incredibly hard to sift and getting harder every day, if you use them intelligently, you can find out incredible information.Given a couple of clues, I could probably find out a lot of things about most of you in the audience that you might not like me finding out.12:32But what it tells me is that, at a time when there\u2019s more \u0096 there\u2019s a greater abundance of information than there ever has been, it\u2019s harder to filter, we have greater tools. We have free Internet tools that allow us, help us do this kind of investigation. We have algorithms that are smarter than ever before, and computers that are quicker than ever before.12:50But here\u2019s the thing. Algorithms are rules. They\u2019re binary. They\u2019re yes or no, they\u2019re black or white. Truth is never binary. Truth is a value. Truth is emotional, it\u2019s fluid, and above all, it\u2019s human. No matter how quick we get with computers, no matter how much information we have, you\u2019ll never be able to remove the human from the truth-seeking exercise, because in the end, it is a uniquely human trait. Thanks very much. (Applause)<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTyj99p60XCLyLk1htB7-1neRt8-2QdnenNlQ&usqp=CAU\"target=\"_http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"\/><\/center><p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Watch the video ( follow along with the transcript if you have trouble) 1)And consider how it is important to be able to separate fact from fiction. 2)What are two ways that the speaker suggests that you can separate fact from fiction? 3)Why would it be important and practical to make these distinctions in your&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - 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