{"id":26340,"date":"2021-01-18T06:18:49","date_gmt":"2021-01-18T06:18:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/?p=26340"},"modified":"2021-01-18T06:18:49","modified_gmt":"2021-01-18T06:18:49","slug":"what-sampling-method-or-plan-was-used-by-the-authors-in-this-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2021\/01\/18\/what-sampling-method-or-plan-was-used-by-the-authors-in-this-study\/","title":{"rendered":"What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study?"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><p><strong>Research Article Critique, Part 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Occupational Stressors, Stress Perception Levels, and Coping Styles of Medical Srugical RNs: A Generalized Perspective<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(Wakim, 2014)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Your assigned article for critique is:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Wakim, N. (2014). Occupational\u00a0stressors, stress perception levels, and coping styles of medical surgical\u00a0RNs.\u00a0<em>Journal of Nursing Administration, 44<\/em>(12), 632-639.\u00a0doi:10.1097\/NNA.0000000000000140<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Instructions:<\/strong>\u00a0 A major skill that is learned in this course is how to critically read and critique nursing research articles.\u00a0 The purpose for critiquing an article is to critically evaluate the research process followed by the author(s) of the assigned article. This is an information-intensive, time-intensive process that is not learned overnight.\u00a0\u00a0 To demonstrate your skill at critiquing an article, you will complete this open-book multiple choice assignment.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s how you should approach completing this week\u2019s assignment to finish critiquing an article:<\/p>\n<p>1.\u00a0 First, do your assigned reading in Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015) and complete the reading worksheets early in the week.\u00a0 This will introduce you to the critique skills you will need for the week.<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0 Skim the entire instructor assigned research article that has been posted on Blackboard for you so that you will have an idea of what it is about.\u00a0 Lightly cross out the abstract for the article (you won\u2019t be using it). Then, for this week, re-read carefully from the study design section through the end of the article.<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0 Print this document and find the best answer to each question below based on your Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015) assigned reading for the week and what you have read in the instructor assigned research article.<\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0 Some of the questions in the critique assignment below will seem unfamiliar to you. Look up key terms from the question in your textbook.\u00a0 Some examples of these terms might be: power analysis, inter-rater reliability, and generalization. You can also look in Chapter 12 for an example of a critical appraisal (or critique) of a quantitative research article.<\/p>\n<p>5. Once you have completed this assignment \u201con paper\u201d, go into blackboard and enter your answers by the assignment due date and time listed in the syllabus.\u00a0 Ignore any wording from Blackboard that indicates that \u201cthis is a test\u201d and carefully enter your answers from this document.<\/p>\n<p>6.\u00a0 You will have two access attempts to record your answers.\u00a0 This is given to you so that if you encounter technical difficulties on your first attempt, or you would like a second attempt to try to improve your grade, you may do so.\u00a0 You will not be able to see the questions that you missed when you submit your attempt.\u00a0 Blackboard will record the highest grade from the two submissions.<\/p>\n<p>If you have questions about this assignment, you can post them to your group discussion board for help.\u00a0\u00a0<em>Please do not post the exact question from the assignment below and ask the group for the answer as this would constitute academic dishonesty.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Questions 1 \u2013 9: Sample.\u00a0 (For help with these questions, refer to chapters:\u00a0 9 &amp; 12)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.\u00a0 What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 Simple random sampling<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 Systematic sampling<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 Convenience sampling<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 Network sampling<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0 According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), what are the potential biases of this sampling method?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 This is a strong probability sampling method with very little potential for bias<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 This method is used when an ordered list of all members of the population are available, and provides a random but not equal chance for inclusion in the study.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 This method provides little opportunity to control for bias because subjects are included in the study merely because they happen to be in the right place at the right time.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 This method is specific to the individuals who were recruited and the information gained cannot be generalized to others who don\u2019t share these types of experiences.<\/p>\n<p>e.\u00a0\u00a0 None of the above biases best describe the sampling method chosen by the author.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0 What was the final sample size reported by the authors for this study?<\/p>\n<p>a. \u00a0200 participants<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0 84 participants<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 159 participants<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 161 participants<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0 Was a power analysis conducted?\u00a0 If so, which statement best describes the results of the power analysis?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The authors mention that an a priori power analysis was conducted, and 200 subjects were<\/p>\n<p>determined to be needed for the study.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 The authors mention that a power analysis was conducted using four predictors and 1-way ANOVA using three independent groups for a needed sample size of 159.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 The authors do not report that a power analysis was conducted.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>5.\u00a0 Which of these statements would be considered an inclusion criterion for the sample in the research article?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 English-speaking<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 Have at least two years of experience as a nurse<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 Work on a Medical Surgical unit<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 Be a member of the Medical Surgical Nurses Association<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>6.\u00a0 Which of these statements would be considered to be exclusion criterion specifically identified by the author for the sample in the research article?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0 The exclusion criteria were explained verbally during recruitment.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0 History of depression\/ mental health issue.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 Report of no stress related problems by the participant.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0 Participants only worked on the night shift.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>7.\u00a0 What is the\u00a0<strong>refusal rate<\/strong>\u00a0for this study? (Hint: see page 253 in your text)<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 161\/200 X 100% = 80%<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 84\/159 X 100% = 53%<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 unknown \/ cannot be calculated.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 39\/200 x 100% = 19.5%<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>8.\u00a0 Which of the following would be accurate for the\u00a0<strong>attrition rate<\/strong>\u00a0for this study?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 161\/200\u00a0 X 100% = 80%<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 39\/200 X 100% = 20%<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 84\/159 X 100% = 53%<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 0%<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>9.\u00a0\u00a0 What was the setting for this research study?\u00a0 Briefly describe the setting and indicate whether it was appropriate for conducting this study.<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 The setting for this study was a partially controlled setting and was appropriate for this study\u2019s research design.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 The setting for this study was not well described by the authors and therefore not appropriate for<\/p>\n<p>conducting this study.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 The setting for this study was a highly controlled setting and was appropriate for this study\u2019s research design.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 The setting for this study was a natural or field setting and was appropriate for this study\u2019s research design.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Question 10 \u2013 14: Measurement Methods.\u00a0 (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 10 &amp; 12.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>10.\u00a0 Which ones of these questionnaires, scales, or physiologic measures is used in this research study?<\/p>\n<p><strong>(Select all that apply).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 The Ways of Coping Questionaire (WAYS)<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0 The Nursing Stress Scale (NSS)<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 The Quality of Life Scale (QOLS)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>11.\u00a0 How do the authors describe the reliability of the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) in previous studies?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 Two follow-up emails were sent to potential participants.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 they compared the odd and even questions on the test to determine their equivalence.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 a team of staff nurses was trained by the primary investigator to administer the questionnaire.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 they tested a group of subjects twice using the same questionnaire (test-retest reliability).<\/p>\n<p>e. they computed a Cronbach\u2019s alpha on the Nurse Stress Scale that was administered to this group of subjects.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>12. How do the authors describe the validity of The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WAYS).<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 discriminant validity demonstrated that each subscale measured the same constructs.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 evidence of validity from contrasting groups because they gave it to spouses of MS nurses.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 no was no mention of determining the validity of WAYS questionnaire.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 The authors had experience with administering this questionnaire.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>13.\u00a0\u00a0 What types of questionnaires or surveys were used in this research study?\u00a0\u00a0<strong>(Select all that apply.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0 The authors developed the Professional Quality of Life Scale.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0 Interviews were reportedly used, but the authors do not explain what was included in them.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0 The authors developed their own questions to ask about demographic information.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 The authors report adding a few of their own questions at the end of the demographic questionnaire.<\/p>\n<p>e.\u00a0\u00a0 This study did not use any questionnaires or surveys.<\/p>\n<p>f.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The authors used previously developed questionnaires or surveys to measure the study<\/p>\n<p>variables.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>14.\u00a0\u00a0 Were any physiological measurements collected from the subjects for the purpose of this study?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 Yes<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 No<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Question 15- 16: Data Collection. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 10 &amp; 12)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>15. Which one of the following best describes the data collection process used in this study?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 questionnaires \/ surveys were completed via the telephone.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 participants were given the questionnaires on enrollment in the study and asked to drop the sealed envelope in a locked box at the nurse\u2019s station.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 questionnaires \/ surveys were mailed to the prospective participants and returned in a self-<\/p>\n<p>addressed stamped envelope.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 nurse researchers interviewed the study participants in a focus group.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>16.\u00a0 If there were more than one data collector for the study, would an estimation of inter-rater reliability be an important concept for the authors to report on for this study?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 yes, and the authors reported their efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 yes, but the authors do not discuss any efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 no, the issue of inter-rater reliability does not apply here.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Question 17 \u2013 19:\u00a0 Data Analysis. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 11 &amp; 12)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>17.\u00a0 What descriptive statistics are used in this study?\u00a0\u00a0<strong>(Select all that apply).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 mean<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 median<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 mode<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 standard deviation<\/p>\n<p>e.\u00a0\u00a0 z-scores<\/p>\n<p>f.\u00a0\u00a0 percentage distributions<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>18.\u00a0 What inferential statistics were used to examine the data obtained from the subjects?\u00a0\u00a0<strong>(Select all that apply)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 Bivariate correlational analysis<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 Factor Analysis<\/p>\n<p>c. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0t-Test<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 Chi-Square<\/p>\n<p>e.\u00a0\u00a0 ANCOVA<\/p>\n<p>f.\u00a0\u00a0 ANOVA<\/p>\n<p>g.\u00a0\u00a0 regression analysis<\/p>\n<p>h.\u00a0\u00a0 None of the above inferential statistics were used in this study.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>19.\u00a0 What is the level of significance (alpha) set at for this study?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 .05 or 5%<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 .10 or 90%<\/p>\n<p>c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .01 or 1%<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 an alpha level or level of significance chosen by the authors was not specifically mentioned in the text<\/p>\n<p>of the article.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Question 20-25: Researcher\u2019s Interpretation of the Findings. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 11 &amp; 12)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>20.\u00a0 There are several statistically significant findings in this study. Which of these statements from the article would be considered a\u00a0<strong>significant and predicted result<\/strong>?\u00a0<strong>(select all that apply)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 As MS nurses\u2019 perceptions of their stress increases, their use of ways to cope increases (r = .357, P&lt;.00)<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 Younger nurses have lower levels of perceived stress, per post hoc Tukey analysis.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 Baby boomers tend to report higher use of self-controlling behaviors than Gen X and Gen Y nurses when dealing with occupational stressors.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0 The stress perception level is thus determined by the type of occupational stressor that the nurse is<\/p>\n<p>exposed to.<\/p>\n<p>21.\u00a0 Which of these statements from the article would be considered a\u00a0<strong>non-significant result<\/strong>.\u00a0<strong>(Select all that apply)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 The older the nurse, the higher the level of stress.<\/p>\n<p>b. \u00a0\u00a0There was no difference between the scores on ways of coping related to age cohorts (F<sub>2158\u00a0<\/sub>= 1.12, P=.33)<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 Age, years of experience, and educational levels are not significant factors in levels of perceived stress among MS nurses.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"_Hlk487056496\"><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d.\u00a0\u00a0 Baby boomers tend to report higher use of self-controlling behaviors than Gen X and Gen Y nurses<\/p>\n<p>when dealing with occupational stressors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>22.\u00a0 Which one of these statements from the article would be considered\u00a0<strong>clinically important<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"_Hlk487056676\"><\/a>a.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0According to this study results, a high level of occupational stress is not a known factor for nursing<\/p>\n<p>turnover in MS nurses.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 Younger nurses have better coping skills to combat perceived stress compared to more<\/p>\n<p>experienced nurses.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 Baby boomers reported higher use of self-controlling behaviors when dealing with occupational<\/p>\n<p>stressors compared with Gen X and Gen Y.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 Six participants were removed from the study due to incomplete surveys.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>23.\u00a0 Which statements below implied from the article would be considered a\u00a0<strong>limitation<\/strong>\u00a0of the study?\u00a0<strong>(Select all that apply)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 The researchers utilized a qualitative method in the research design.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 Lack of standardization of the conditions of administering the instruments.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 A small sample size with a low response rate.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 A measure of social desirability in giving responses as the participants worked with the researcher.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>24.\u00a0 Which one of these statements would be considered a statement regarding\u00a0<strong>generalization<\/strong>\u00a0of these results?<\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 The results indicated that there were high levels of perceived stress in this group of MS nurses and can be generalized to all MS nurses in the United States.<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0 The survey was mailed only to MS nurses who were members of the Medical Surgical Nurses Association (MSNA).<\/p>\n<p>c. \u00a0\u00a0 A convenience sample of MS nurses decreases generalizability.<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0The use of a power analysis influenced the generalization of the results to all MS nurses.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>25.\u00a0 Which one of these statements from the article would be considered a\u00a0<strong>recommendation for future studies? \u00a0(Select al that apply.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a.\u00a0\u00a0 Future development of programs to help relieve the occupational stress in MS nurses.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"_Hlk487056879\"><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 b.\u00a0\u00a0 Research to discover why older nurses have a higher perceived stress compared to younger nurses.<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0\u00a0 Sufficiently educating nursing leaders in generational differences.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>d.\u00a0\u00a0 Identification of occupational stressors, perceived stress, and coping styles among generational cohorts.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTyj99p60XCLyLk1htB7-1neRt8-2QdnenNlQ&usqp=CAU\"target=\"_http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"\/><\/center><p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article Critique, Part 2 Occupational Stressors, Stress Perception Levels, and Coping Styles of Medical Srugical RNs: A Generalized Perspective (Wakim, 2014) \u00a0 \u00a0 Your assigned article for critique is: Wakim, N. (2014). Occupational\u00a0stressors, stress perception levels, and coping styles of medical surgical\u00a0RNs.\u00a0Journal of Nursing Administration, 44(12), 632-639.\u00a0doi:10.1097\/NNA.0000000000000140 &nbsp; \u00a0 Instructions:\u00a0 A major skill that&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study? - onlineclassesguru<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2021\/01\/18\/what-sampling-method-or-plan-was-used-by-the-authors-in-this-study\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study? 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