{"id":23113,"date":"2020-12-16T14:37:37","date_gmt":"2020-12-16T14:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/?p=23113"},"modified":"2020-12-16T14:37:37","modified_gmt":"2020-12-16T14:37:37","slug":"equine-asthma-refers-to-a-spectrum-of-chronic-inflammatory-airway-diseases-in-horses-which-includes-both-inflammatory-airway-disease-iad-and-recurrent-airway-obstruction-rao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/12\/16\/equine-asthma-refers-to-a-spectrum-of-chronic-inflammatory-airway-diseases-in-horses-which-includes-both-inflammatory-airway-disease-iad-and-recurrent-airway-obstruction-rao\/","title":{"rendered":"EQUINE ASTHMA REFERS TO A SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASES IN HORSES WHICH INCLUDES BOTH INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASE (IAD) AND RECURRENT AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (RAO)"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><h4>EQUINE ASTHMA REFERS TO A SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASES IN HORSES WHICH INCLUDES BOTH INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASE (IAD) AND RECURRENT AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (RAO)<\/h4>\n<p>Equine asthma refers to a spectrum of chronic inflammatory airway diseases in horses<br \/>\nwhich includes both inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and recurrent airway<br \/>\nobstruction (RAO)<\/p>\n<p>1. Answer all parts of this question:<br \/>\na) Define the following terms and provide an example of each:<br \/>\ni. intrinsic antimicrobial resistance (2.5 marks)<br \/>\nii. extrinsic (acquired) antimicrobial resistance. (2.5 marks)<br \/>\nb) Describe the four (4) mechanisms by which microbes are resistant to<br \/>\nantimicrobials. (8 marks)<br \/>\nc) Describe how genes conferring resistance can be acquired or transferred.<br \/>\n(7 marks)<br \/>\nd) Discuss in detail risk factors, manifestations and diagnosis of methicillin<br \/>\nresistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (MRSA) in the horse. Include risk<br \/>\nfactors for colonisation in horses and humans. (10 marks)<br \/>\n2. Equine asthma refers to a spectrum of chronic inflammatory airway diseases in horses<br \/>\nwhich includes both inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and recurrent airway<br \/>\nobstruction (RAO).<br \/>\nAnswer both parts of this question<br \/>\na) Compare and contrast the clinical presentation and diagnostic confirmation of<br \/>\nIAD and RAO. (15 marks)<br \/>\nb) Discuss in detail the pathophysiology of IAD. (15 marks)<br \/>\nContinued over page<br \/>\nEquine Medicine Paper 1 Page 3 of 5<br \/>\n3. Answer all parts of this question:<br \/>\na) Define the following and where applicable, list clinical and clinicopathological<br \/>\ncriteria used for diagnosis of:<br \/>\ni. systemic inflammatory response syndrome (2.5 marks)<br \/>\nii. sepsis (2.5 marks)<br \/>\niii. severe sepsis (2.5 marks)<br \/>\niv. septic shock. (2.5 marks)<br \/>\nb) Discuss in detail the management of severe sepsis and septic shock in the<br \/>\nneonatal foal. Your answer should include antimicrobial treatment, fluid<br \/>\nresuscitation, haemodynamic support and general supportive measures. Include<br \/>\nin your answer the rationale and level of evidence for any treatment discussed.<br \/>\n(20 marks)<br \/>\n4. Answer all parts of this question:<br \/>\na) List the cranial nerves. (2.5 marks)<br \/>\nb) Define and describe reversible and irreversible peripheral nerve injuries and<br \/>\ninclude in your answer one (1) clinical example of each. (12.5 marks)<br \/>\nc) List the clinical signs of Horner\u2019s syndrome. (2.5 marks)<br \/>\nd) Describe in detail the possible neuroanatomic locations of a lesion causing<br \/>\nHorner\u2019s syndrome. (12.5 marks)<br \/>\nContinued over page<br \/>\nEquine Medicine Paper 1 Page 4 of 5<br \/>\n5. Dysrhythmias are not uncommon in equine medicine.<br \/>\nAnswer all parts of this question:<br \/>\na) Using a diagram, describe the ionic events that occur during the 4 phases of<br \/>\nnormal depolarisation in the cardiomyocyte. (2.5 marks)<br \/>\nb) Briefly describe: (7.5 marks)<br \/>\ni. re-entry<br \/>\nii. enhanced automaticity<br \/>\niii. triggered activity.<br \/>\nand<br \/>\nprovide an example of a dysrhythmia produced by each mechanism.<br \/>\nc) Describe the Vaughan Williams classification of anti-arrhythmic drugs,<br \/>\nincluding the mechanism of action for each class (and subclass if applicable).<br \/>\nProvide one (1) example of a drug belonging to each class (and subclass if<br \/>\napplicable) and state indications and contraindications to use. (20 marks)<br \/>\n6. For each of the congenital diseases listed below (a to e), briefly describe:<br \/>\n\uf0b7 breed or lineage most commonly affected<br \/>\n\uf0b7 common clinical presentation(s)\/clinical pathology abnormality(ies)<br \/>\n\uf0b7 pathophysiology<br \/>\n\uf0b7 genetic basis if known.<br \/>\na) Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency (6 marks)<br \/>\nb) Lavender foal syndrome (6 marks)<br \/>\nc) Fell pony syndrome (6 marks)<br \/>\nd) Ileocolonic aganglionosis (6 marks)<br \/>\ne) Junctional epidermolysis bullosa. (6 marks)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTyj99p60XCLyLk1htB7-1neRt8-2QdnenNlQ&usqp=CAU\"target=\"_http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"\/><\/center><p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EQUINE ASTHMA REFERS TO A SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASES IN HORSES WHICH INCLUDES BOTH INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASE (IAD) AND RECURRENT AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (RAO) Equine asthma refers to a spectrum of chronic inflammatory airway diseases in horses which includes both inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) 1. Answer all parts of&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>EQUINE ASTHMA REFERS TO A SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASES IN HORSES WHICH INCLUDES BOTH INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASE (IAD) AND RECURRENT AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (RAO) - onlineclassesguru<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EQUINE ASTHMA REFERS TO A SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASES IN HORSES WHICH INCLUDES BOTH INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASE (IAD) AND RECURRENT AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (RAO)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/12\/16\/equine-asthma-refers-to-a-spectrum-of-chronic-inflammatory-airway-diseases-in-horses-which-includes-both-inflammatory-airway-disease-iad-and-recurrent-airway-obstruction-rao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EQUINE ASTHMA REFERS TO A SPECTRUM OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASES IN HORSES WHICH INCLUDES BOTH INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASE (IAD) AND RECURRENT AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (RAO) - 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