{"id":1965,"date":"2020-10-29T12:08:40","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T12:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/?p=1965"},"modified":"2020-10-29T12:08:40","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T12:08:40","slug":"ethnography-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/29\/ethnography-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"Ethnography &#038; Culture"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><p>Ethnography &amp; Culture<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>#2.\u201cEating Christmas in the Kalahari\u201d by Richard Borshay lee<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\u201cEating Christmas in the Kalahari\u201d<\/p>\n<p>How do you interpret the \u2018title\u2019 of the essay? What is the significance of the title?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>How did cross cultural misunderstanding ensue between Lee and the !Kung?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>How did these people interact with regard to the cultural meaning of the gift of an ox?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>!Kung culture\/ Canadian culture<\/p>\n<p>People coming from a hunting society<\/p>\n<p>and an industrial one<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Intercultural encounters\u2026.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSchema\u201d or \u201cframe\u201d a set of expectations that we bring to an interaction based on our previous experiences or cultural norms (Holmes, 382)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>!Kung<\/p>\n<p>a !Kung hunter\u2026shares what he kills with others and expects them to reciprocate<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Notes that the !Kung denigrated the gift, saying the ox was too thin<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Explains that the !Kung&#8217;s behavior was typical and a way to reduce arrogance (Why?)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The way the !Kung treated Richard Lee\u2019s gift<\/p>\n<p>of a Christmas ox reveals how much they value equality. How so?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lee acquired the ox he intended to slaughter for the !Kung Christmas feast from Herero pastoralists living nearby.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Why was Lee a perfect target for the charge of arrogance and for the Bushman tactic of enforcing humility?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Lee says:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs I read it, their message was this? There are no totally generous acts. All \u201cacts\u201d have an element of calculation. One black ox slaughtered at Christmas does not wipe out a year of careful manipulation of gifts given to serve your own ends. After all, to kill and animal and share the meat with people is really no more than the Bushmen do for each other every day and with far less fanfare.\u201d (18)<\/p>\n<p>1) Meaning in context?<\/p>\n<p>2) Why do Americans expect people to be grateful to receive gifts? (Is this \u201cideal\u201d culture or \u201creal\u201d culture?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>#3. \u201cFieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS\u201d by Claire Sterk<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>questions<\/p>\n<p>How is ethnographic research different from other social science research?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>What can ethnographic research reveal that other forms cannot?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>What were some of the techniques that Sterk used to enter the field, conduct her research, and leave the field? What problems did she face? What advice does she give?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ethical issues?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Sterk discusses ethnographic fieldwork as a process\u2014<\/p>\n<p>entering the field,<\/p>\n<p>making contact,<\/p>\n<p>and developing rapport,<\/p>\n<p>as well as ethical dilemmas and stress.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Methodology<\/p>\n<p>Gaining entree<\/p>\n<p>Leaving the field<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Undertaking fieldwork in a Western microculture<\/p>\n<p>in this case the culture of prostitute life illustrates how participant observation originally developed to discover the content of non-Western cultures, can be adapted for use at home.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sterk\u2019s goal was to learn about the lives of prostitutes from the women themselves.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The article describes<\/p>\n<p>the experience of setting up and conducting an ethnographic study of prostitutes in New York and Atlanta (180 women)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Argues one should not count on &#8220;gatekeepers&#8221; or assume a role as expert<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Fieldwork involved stress, which was partially relieved by being able to leave the field. Leaving the field, however, led to feelings of guilt. (Why?)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>What Six themes did Sterk outline<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In her ethnography of prostitutes?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Concludes six points about prostitutes from the perspective of the women themselves<\/p>\n<p>1) Prostitutes often blame past experiences for their current status and<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2) alienation from \u201cnormal\u201d people.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3) There are different kinds of prostitutes\u2014streetwalkers, women who became hooked on drugs after they started in the profession, women who entered the life already addicted to drugs, and women who turned tricks as payment for drugs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Cont\u2019d<\/p>\n<p>4) Contracting AIDS was a great risk for prostitutes, but condom use was often rejected by their customers and pimps.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>5) Men are often violent toward prostitutes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>6) Finally, women did sometimes leave this microculture, but their past often followed them.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>What advice does Sterk offer<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For aspiring ethnographers?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\u201cGatekeepers\u201d are important in gaining initial access to a scene<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Talking with informants in groups often inhibits ethnographic discovery.<\/p>\n<p>Interviews<\/p>\n<p>Participant observation<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>First experiences as prostitutes often involve alienation from people outside the life.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sterk found that in-depth interviews worked best if held in private<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Model for cross cultural understanding<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Non-judgmental<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Participant observer<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dialectical<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Listen<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Seeing the world \u201cthrough their eyes\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>#4. Nice Girls Don\u2019t Talk to Rastas by George Gmelch<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>concepts<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNa\u00efve realism\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What is na\u00efve realism?<\/p>\n<p>Why is this story a good example of na\u00efve realism?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Offending behaviors\/ reactions<\/p>\n<p>What behavior of an American study abroad student offended the Barbadian villagers she lived with? Why was she surprised by their reaction?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Overview<\/p>\n<p>Mediation in cross cultural misunderstanding<\/p>\n<p>What did George Gmelch do to mediate the cross-cultural misunderstanding? How successful was he?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Social class<\/p>\n<p>What is social class? What part did it play in this event?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prejudice\/ discrimination<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOthers\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWithin\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Nice Girls Don&#8217;t Talk to Rastas<\/p>\n<p>Illustrates the role that na\u00efve realism plays in the relationship between a student fieldworker and her Barbadian informants<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>American insensitivity to the existence of social class and the nature of small communities<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Autonomy vs communal life<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The article<\/p>\n<p>Shows how an American student&#8217;s values on equality conflicted with Barbadian views of class, in this case the low social position held by Rastafarians<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Illustrates the role of na\u00efve realism in cross-cultural field studies<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Hannah\u2019s story?<\/p>\n<p>Her fieldwork was based around the concept that anthropologists are supposed to be interested in different kinds of people<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Symbolic interactionism<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>What role did \u201cclass\u201d play in shaping Barbadian perceptions of Rastas?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Perceptions vs Realities<\/p>\n<p>Lazy, thieves<\/p>\n<p>Hanna\u2019s homestay family, some others in the village<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Epitome of \u201ccool\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Laid back<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reject mainstream values<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vegetarians<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Rastafarianism \u2013 began in the 20s &amp; 30<\/p>\n<p>Spiritual and social movement<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Diversity of Rastafarians<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Yes, SOME are lazy or live alternative lifeways\u2026others are healers, teachers, musicians<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Bob Marley 1945-1981<\/p>\n<p>Jamaican singer-songwriter<\/p>\n<p>international musical and cultural icon<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Credited with popularizing reggae music around the world and served as a symbol of Jamaican culture and identity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>a committed Rastafari<\/p>\n<p>infused his music with a sense of spirituality.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBeginnings are usually scary, endings are usually sad\u2026but it is everything in between that make it all worth living.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMoney is numbers and numbers never end. If it takes money to be happy, your search for happiness will never end.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bob Marley: \u201cGet up Stand Up for your Rights\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uaXe5DsXmU0\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uaXe5DsXmU0\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uaXe5DsXmU0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Culture<\/p>\n<p>Is NOT \u201chomogenous\u201d it\u2019s \u201cheterogeneous\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Various, diverse, subcultural microcultures<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Within social groups as well as between them<\/p>\n<p>!Kung\/ other south African groups\/ Canadians\/ North Americans<\/p>\n<p>Main stream society\/ prostitutes (diversity of these as well)<\/p>\n<p>Barbadians\/ Rastafarians\/ tourists, exchange students, etc<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Comments? Questions? Clarification?<\/p>\n<p>Of the articles in the chapter\u2026which did you respond to most\/ least? Why?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Works Cited:<\/p>\n<p>Gmelch, George. \u201cNice Girls Don\u2019t Talk to Rastas.\u201d In Conformity and Culture: Readings in Cultural Anthropology. pp:13-19.<\/p>\n<p>Haviland, William, Harold Prins, McBride and Walrath. Cultural Anthropology \/ Edition: 14TH by (Cengage)<\/p>\n<p>Holmes, Janet. (2013) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fourth edition. Pearson.<\/p>\n<p>Lee, Richard Borshay. \u201cEating Christmas in the Kalahari\u201d In Conformity and Culture: Readings in Cultural Anthropology. pp:13-19.<\/p>\n<p>Spradley, James P. \u201cEthnography and Culture\u201d In Conformity and Culture: Readings in Cultural Anthropology. pp:6-12.<\/p>\n<p>McCurdy, Shandy and Spradley. Conformity and Conflict: Readings in Cultural Anthropology\/ Edition: 15TH by (Pearson).<\/p>\n<p>Sterk, Claire. \u201cFieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS.\u201d In Conformity and Culture: Readings in Cultural Anthropology. pp:20-30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTyj99p60XCLyLk1htB7-1neRt8-2QdnenNlQ&usqp=CAU\"target=\"_http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"\/><\/center><p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ethnography &amp; Culture &nbsp; #2.\u201cEating Christmas in the Kalahari\u201d by Richard Borshay lee &nbsp; \u201cEating Christmas in the Kalahari\u201d How do you interpret the \u2018title\u2019 of the essay? What is the significance of the title? &nbsp; How did cross cultural misunderstanding ensue between Lee and the !Kung? &nbsp; How did these people interact with regard&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ethnography &amp; Culture - onlineclassesguru<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/29\/ethnography-culture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ethnography &amp; Culture - onlineclassesguru\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ethnography &amp; Culture &nbsp; #2.\u201cEating Christmas in the Kalahari\u201d by Richard Borshay lee &nbsp; \u201cEating Christmas in the Kalahari\u201d How do you interpret the \u2018title\u2019 of the essay? 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