{"id":13911,"date":"2020-11-24T09:07:24","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T09:07:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/24\/sea-island-creole-dialect\/"},"modified":"2020-11-24T09:07:24","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T09:07:24","slug":"sea-island-creole-dialect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/24\/sea-island-creole-dialect\/","title":{"rendered":"Sea Island creole dialect"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><p>Sea Island creole dialect (Gullah\/gechee)<br \/>\nJulius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg SS 2015<br \/>\nPhilosophische Fakult\u00e4t I 08.06.2015<br \/>\nNeuphilologisches Institut<br \/>\nLehrstuhl f\u00fcr englische Sprachwissenschaft<br \/>\nDozentin: Marie-Christin Himmel, M.A.<br \/>\nReferentinnen: Christina Aigner, Sabrina Brust<br \/>\nSea Island Creole (Gullah \/ Geechee)<br \/>\nHistorical Background<br \/>\n\u2013 primarily spoken along the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia<br \/>\n\u2013 slaves from West Africa (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea) and the Caribbean were brought to the rice plantations on the Sea Islands<br \/>\n\u2013 English based creole language, but origins are still speculative (three hypotheses)<br \/>\n\u2013 warm, semitropical climate of coastal South Carolina and Georgia ? spread of tropical diseases<br \/>\n\u2013 isolated on the islands, no contact to mainland ? Gullahs were able to preserve their language and cultural habits<br \/>\nPhonology<br \/>\nVowels<br \/>\nlike in pile<br \/>\nConsonants<br \/>\nvoiceless stops [p], [t] and [k] in Gullah are generally unaspirated at the beginning of stressed syllables<br \/>\nconsonants are sometimes omitted:<br \/>\nb: in medial position number ? nummuh<br \/>\nd: in medial position candle ? cannel<br \/>\nor (final) when it follows n or l band ? ban\u00b4<br \/>\nl: in medial position almost ? a\u00b4most<br \/>\nng: when final and unstressed evening ? evenin\u00b4<br \/>\ns: initial when followed by a consonant scratch ? \u00b4cratch<br \/>\nw: in intial position woman ? \u00f3man<br \/>\nConsonants which are added:<br \/>\nn: prefixes esp. to words beginning with u- or yu- sound young ? nyoung<br \/>\ns: prefixed to a few words beginning with consonant question ? squestion<br \/>\ny: initially added to word beginning with a vowel arm ? yahm<br \/>\nthe \u201cth\u201d sound:<br \/>\n\/?\/ ? \/t\/ \u2018thank you\u2019 ? tank yu<br \/>\n\/\u00f0\/ ? \/d\/ \u2018this, that, them\u2019 ? d?s, dat, d?m<br \/>\nMorphosyntax<br \/>\nFeatures that share Gullah with other Atlantic English creoles:<br \/>\n\u2013 tenses: bin for past or past of past, go\/ga [g\u00b4] for future, duh [d\u00b4] for progressive, and done for perfect<br \/>\n\u2013 partial gender and case distinctions in the pronominal systems (thus him is used for all three genders and is used both as object and subject)<br \/>\n\u2013 use of fuh [f\u00b4] (English: for, to): we tell um fuh come = \u2018we told him to come\u2019<br \/>\n\u2013 extensive use of serial verb\/predicate constructions: come kyah me to d\u2019hospital = \u2018come and take me to the hospital\u2019<br \/>\n\u2013 use of weh derived from what<br \/>\n\u2013 nouns are uninflected in number: kyat don eat raw tato = \u2018a cat does not eat raw potato\u2019 or \u2018cats don\u2019t eat raw potato\u2019<br \/>\n\u2013 common usage of the associative plural: Sara dem very nice people = \u2018Sara and her family\/friends\/associates are very nice people\u2019)<br \/>\n\u2013 common usage of the associative plural (as in Sara dem very nice people \u2018Sara and her family\/friends\/associates are very nice people\u2019)<br \/>\n\u2013 similar pronunciations of words such as oil [ayl], cat [kyat], fair [fyE:]<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\nNo fixed set of features that has Gullah in order to be identified as a creole<br \/>\n\u2013 Gullah has an indefinite article a (pronounced only as [\u00b4]), where other English creoles use the singular quantifier one<br \/>\n\u2013 it actually has a schwa, which is not attested in Caribbean creoles<br \/>\n\u2013 dem (as in dem boy) both with the meaning \u2018those boys\u2019 and \u2018the boys\u2019, whereas Jamaican Creole uses prenominal dem for the plural demonstrative meaning only<br \/>\n\u2013 wider set of negations, whereas Jamaicans only have only one<br \/>\nGullah structure:<br \/>\n\u2013 many structures that are English, as NP and VP<br \/>\n\u2013 questions are typically marked by intonation, especially those starting with a wh-phrase or aint ([Eyn(t)], [E)], [InI] &lt; aint it): Ain\/Inni you see Al yes\u2019day? = \u2018Didn\u2019t you see Al yesterday? \u2013 the object NP still follows the verb, and within the NP, the order is still Det(erminer) + Adj(ective) + N(oun) + Modifying clause \u2013 pronominal system: a) personal pronouns Standard English Gullah \u2013 relative clauses ?distinction between factive and non-factive \/purposive relative clauses ?purposive: introduced by the complementizer fuh: a book fuh da chillum (fuh\/tuh) read = \u2018a book for the children to read\u2019 ?factive: introduced by a null complementizer or by weh [wE] (English: what): everything (weh) Alison say= \u2018everything what Alison said\u2019 \u2018everything that Alison said\u2019 Bibliography Brown, Keith &amp; Sarah Ogilvie. 2009. Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world. Amsterdam et al.: Elsevier, p.470-471. Kortmann, Peter &amp; Edgar W. Schneider, eds. 2004. Handbook of Varieties of English. 3 vols. Berlin \/ New York: Mounton de Gruyter. Mufwene, Salikoko S. 1997. \u201cThe Gullah\u00b4s Development: Myth and Sociohistorical Evidence.\u201d Language Variety in South Revisited. Ed. Cynthia Bernstein, Thomas Nunnaly and Robin Sabino. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, p. 113-122. Opala, Jospeh A. 2004. The Gullah: Rice, Slavery and the Sierra Leone \u2013 American Connection. (05.06.2015).<br \/>\nStevens, Jeff. 2005. Gullah. (05.06.2015).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTyj99p60XCLyLk1htB7-1neRt8-2QdnenNlQ&usqp=CAU\"target=\"_http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"\/><\/center><p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sea Island creole dialect (Gullah\/gechee) Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg SS 2015 Philosophische Fakult\u00e4t I 08.06.2015 Neuphilologisches Institut Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr englische Sprachwissenschaft Dozentin: Marie-Christin Himmel, M.A. Referentinnen: Christina Aigner, Sabrina Brust Sea Island Creole (Gullah \/ Geechee) Historical Background \u2013 primarily spoken along the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia \u2013 slaves from West Africa (Liberia, Sierra Leone,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - 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