{"id":11190,"date":"2020-11-24T09:01:35","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T09:01:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/24\/aesthetics-on-philosophy-detailed-analysis\/"},"modified":"2020-11-24T09:01:35","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T09:01:35","slug":"aesthetics-on-philosophy-detailed-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/24\/aesthetics-on-philosophy-detailed-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Aesthetics on philosophy detailed analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><p>In the Western world, aesthetics is considered the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts of value and beauty as they relate to the arts.\u00a0 Philosophers from Plato until the present time have had rigid ideas about what artists should create and what people should like, but in today\u2019s world, aestheticians represent a variety of approaches to the philosophy of art.<\/p>\n<p>Aesthetics, in the broadest sense, may be thought of as a worldview, a view that may be markedly different in other cultures.\u00a0 Objects from other cultures that are categorized as art works from the Western perspective may or may not hold the same meaning in their culture of origin.\u00a0 Precisely because of possible differences in worldviews and aesthetic stances of non-Western cultures, it is important to set aside Western aesthetics as criteria when making judgments about non-Western art.\u00a0 For example, many non-Western cultures recognize no distinction between fine art and craft, may not even have a word for \u201cart,\u201d and may not separate art from everyday life.<\/p>\n<p>Japanese Aesthetics:<\/p>\n<p>To understand the art and aesthetics of Japan, it is necessary to investigate a Japanese worldview, ideas about the nature of art, and influences brought about through contact with other cultures.\u00a0 The aesthetics of Japan developed in a unique fashion, partly because of its geographic location, a string of islands about 100 miles from Korea and 500 miles from China.\u00a0 Its isolation by the sea helped protect Japan from foreign invasion and allowed its rulers to control contact with other nations.<\/p>\n<p>During long periods of self-imposed isolation, art forms and aesthetic ideas developed that were specifically Japanese.\u00a0 Over the centuries, when interactions with foreign cultures occurred, they influenced the traditional arts and aesthetics of Japan.\u00a0 For the purposes of this discussion, the focus will be on what remained essentially Japanese.<\/p>\n<p>Traditional Japanese art and aesthetics were most affected by the Chinese and Buddhism, but influences from the West are also evident.\u00a0 For example, the Japanese made no distinction between fine arts and crafts before the introduction of such ideas by Europeans in the 1870s.\u00a0 The Japanese word that best approximates the meaning of \u201cart\u201d is katachi.\u00a0 Katachi translates to mean \u201cform and design,\u201d implying that art is synonymous with living, functional purpose, and spiritual simplicity.<\/p>\n<p>The primary aesthetic concept at the heart of traditional Japanese culture is the value of harmony in all things.\u00a0 The Japanese worldview is nature-based and concerned with the beauty of studied simplicity and harmony with nature.\u00a0 These ideas are still expressed in every aspect of daily life, despite the many changes brought about by the westernization of Japanese culture.\u00a0 This Japanese aesthetic of the beauty of simplicity and harmony is called wabi-sabi (wah-bee sah-bee).<\/p>\n<p>Wabi-Sabi:<\/p>\n<p>Since wabi-sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese worldview or aesthetic system, it is difficult to explain precisely in western terms.\u00a0 According to Leonard Koren, wabi-sabi is the most conspicuous and characteristic feature of what we think of as traditional Japanese beauty and it \u201coccupies roughly the same position in the Japanese pantheon of aesthetic values as do the Greek ideals of beauty and perfection in the West.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Wabi-sabi is a beauty of things imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete.<\/p>\n<p>It is the beauty of things modest and humble.<\/p>\n<p>It is the beauty of things unconventional.<\/p>\n<p>The concepts of wabi-sabi correlate with the concepts of Zen Buddhism, as the first Japanese involved with wabi-sabi were tea masters, priests, and monks who practiced Zen.\u00a0 Zen Buddhism originated in India, traveled to China in the sixth century, and was first introduced in Japan around the 12th century.\u00a0 Zen emphasizes \u201cdirect, intuitive insight into transcendental truth beyond all intellectual conception.\u201d\u00a0 At the core of wabi-sabi is the importance of transcending ways of looking and thinking about things\/existence.<\/p>\n<p>All things are impermanent<\/p>\n<p>All things are imperfect<\/p>\n<p>All things are incomplete<\/p>\n<p>Material characteristics of wabi-sabi:<\/p>\n<p>Suggestion of natural process<\/p>\n<p>Irregular<\/p>\n<p>Intimate<\/p>\n<p>Unpretentious<\/p>\n<p>Earthy<\/p>\n<p>Simple<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>As wabi-sabi once was the preeminent high culture Japanese aesthetic, a familiarity with its concepts is essential for the understanding of the Japanese tea ceremony.<\/p>\n<p>The Japanese Tea Ceremony:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTea began as a medicine and grew into a beverage.\u201d \u2013KatkuzoOkakura<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Way of Tea cannot be taught in any book\u2026It is a state of mind.\u00a0 Tea is a living tradition.\u201d \u2013Professor KimikoGunji, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHolding a bowl of tea whisked to a fine froth\u2026 Such a simple thing: yet filled with a spirit that Reaches back more than a thousand years.\u201d\u00a0 \u2013The Urasenke Tradition of Tea<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The most comprehensive example of the Japanese aesthetic of wabi-sabi is found within the traditions of the tea ceremony.\u00a0 To understand Japanese aesthetics, it is necessary to understand the unique features of the Japanese tea ceremony, known as chanoyu, chado, or sado.\u00a0 The tea ceremony is the serving of tea, ritualized over time and rooted in Zen Buddhism.\u00a0 It symbolizes aesthetic simplicity and represents the fundamental Zen principles of harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility.\u00a0 The word chanoyu (chah-no-yoo) literally means \u201chot water for tea,\u201d but its simple art is a synthesis of many Japanese arts which focus on preparing and serving a bowl of tea.<\/p>\n<p>According to Leonard Koren, the tea ceremony \u201cbecame an eclectic social art form combining, among other things, the skills of architecture, interior and garden design, flower arranging, painting, food preparation, and performance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The tea ceremony developed under the influence of Zen Buddhism, the aim of which is, in simple terms, to purify the soul by becoming one with nature.\u00a0 The true spirit of the tea ceremony has been described by words like calm, rustic, graceful, austere, and simple.\u00a0 The tea ceremony varies according to the seasons, with tea bowls, types of tea, flowers, and scrolls appropriately chosen.<\/p>\n<p>The History of the Tea Ceremony:<\/p>\n<p>The tea plant probably originated in the mountainous regions of southern Asia, and China received it later.\u00a0 Tea was first introduced to Japan along with Buddhism from China in the sixth century.\u00a0 The Emperor Shomu, who ruled from 724-749, is credited with introducing tea drinking into the country after he had been presented bricks of pressed tealeaves by a Chinese priest.\u00a0 During the Heian period (794-1185), tea was made from steamed and dried tealeaves ground into a powder.\u00a0 This green tea powder, called matcha (mah-chah), is still used today.<\/p>\n<p>In the 15th century, Juro Murata, tea master to Shogun Yoshimasa Ashikaga, integrated many of the concepts of wabi-sabi into the tea ceremony, including the dedication of a special room or house for the sole use in the chanoyu.\u00a0 The samurai class, familiar with the austerity of Zen Buddhism and the disciplined and proscribed lifestyle of the warrior, embraced the ceremony of tea.\u00a0 As rules governed every other aspect of life at the time, participants in tea ceremonies were also required to follow certain rules and procedures.<\/p>\n<p>An increased emphasis on Zen Buddhist concepts in the tea ceremony was established by Sen no Rikyu (1522-1591), the most revered Japanese tea master.\u00a0 During the Momoyama period in the second half of the 16th century, Rikyu established a tea ceremony that reflects a simple and quiet taste, the form that is practiced and taught in Japan and throughout the world today.<\/p>\n<p>He also designed a simple, separate building to house the ceremony based on a typical Japanese farmer\u2019s rustic hut.\u00a0 Rikyu further formalized the tea ceremony\u2019s rules of behavior and identified the spirit of chanoyu with four basic Buddhist principles of harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility.\u00a0 These guiding principles signify the highest ideals of the tea ceremony.<\/p>\n<p>The Seven Rules of Rikyu:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMake a delicious bowl of tea, lay the charcoal so that it heats the water; arrange the flowers as they are in the field; in summer suggest coolness; in winter, warmth; do everything ahead of time; prepare for rain; and give those with whom you find yourself every consideration.\u201d \u2013Soshitsu Sen<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Many stories are told about Rikyu.\u00a0 Rikyu became the tea master for the warlord HideyoshiToyotomi, a difficult and powerful man.\u00a0 Hideyoshi heard of the wonders of Rikyu\u2019s garden of morning glories and expressed a desire to see the flowers.\u00a0 Consequently, Rikyu invited the warlord to tea.\u00a0 When Hideyoshi arrived and walked down the path to the teahouse, not a flower was in sight.\u00a0 Upon entering the teahouse, Hideyoshi saw a single, beautiful morning glory displayed on the alcove.\u00a0 Rikyu had cut down all the other morning glories so that full attention could be focused on one single blossom.<\/p>\n<p>The power of Japanese warlords in evident in another story about Rikyu.\u00a0 In 1591, Hideyoshi demanded that Rikyu hand over his daughter to be a concubine to the warlord, but Rikyu refused.\u00a0 In retaliation, Hideyoshi ordered Rikyu\u2019s ritual suicide.\u00a0 Rikyu held a last tea ceremony at the age of 70 and committed seppuku (ritual suicide) when the ceremony was completed.<\/p>\n<p>Much of the prescribed behavior used in contemporary tea ceremonies was introduced by Rikyu.\u00a0 Some of his contributions include a teahouse that can accommodate five people, a separate small room where tea utensils are washed, and two entrances, one for the host and one for the guests.\u00a0 The entrance for guests had a doorway low enough to require the guests to bend down to enter, humbling themselves in preparation for the tea ceremony.<\/p>\n<p>In the traditional chanoyu, every part of the ceremony is carefully orchestrated.\u00a0 There are rituals for entering and leaving the room, making and serving the tea, and appreciating the choices of flower, scroll, and tea vessel appropriate to the season.\u00a0 The simplicity and austerity of the tearoom (and of Japanese homes) allows an exceptional focus and appreciation of a single flower or scroll carefully chosen to represent the season.<\/p>\n<p>Aesthetic objects are not left on permanent display in Japanese homes, but are brought out for focused viewing and appreciation for specific purposes or seasons.\u00a0 As the season or purpose for display changes, the objects are stored and replaced by others more appropriate.\u00a0 Though Japanese rooms sometimes may appear too bare or simple for Western tastes, a Japanese visiting an a typical American home may feel surrounded and overwhelmed by visual clutter.<\/p>\n<p><center><a href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTyj99p60XCLyLk1htB7-1neRt8-2QdnenNlQ&usqp=CAU\"target=\"_http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/orders\/ordernow\"\/><\/center><p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the Western world, aesthetics is considered the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts of value and beauty as they relate to the arts.\u00a0 Philosophers from Plato until the present time have had rigid ideas about what artists should create and what people should like, but in today\u2019s world, aestheticians represent a variety&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Aesthetics on philosophy detailed analysis - onlineclassesguru<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/onlineclassesguru.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/24\/aesthetics-on-philosophy-detailed-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aesthetics on philosophy detailed analysis - onlineclassesguru\" \/>\n<meta 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