Most European countries have “good Samaritan” laws that make it a crime not to summon aid or help someone in serious distress (Benac, 1997). These laws were operative in the investigation of photographers at the scene of Princess Diana’s car crash in August 1997. In contrast, only a handful of states require people to help strangers in an emergency. Some legal experts suggested that the difference is partly due to cultural differences in values in which American individualism contrasts with European social solidarity.

Here in the US, states such as Vermont, Minnesota, and Wisconsin have the strongest laws but even these laws are narrowly written, infrequently used, and when applied, carry light punishment for violation. For example, in Vermont, failure to help someone “exposed to grave physical harm” is punishable by a fine of up to $100. The Minnesota law makes it a petty misdemeanor to fail to help someone at the scene of an emergency who “is exposed to or has suffered grave physical harm.” Violation of Wisconsin’s law carried one of the most severe penalties to 30 days in jail and a $500 fine. However, the law has been difficult to enforce, partly because it includes broad exceptions.

>>>Based on more specifically on the bystander effects, answer the following question:<<< 1. Do you think helping should be compelled through legislation? 2. In your answer, also discuss the cons and pros of this type of legislation. 3. Finally, when are individuals more likely to intervene and to go seek help, according to the bystander effect research?